Research progress on chemical modification of silk fibroin and its applications北大核心CSCD

Mulberry silk is composed of the two major parts of two triangle-like silk fibroin fibers and sericin covering the fibers and a few lipids. After removing the sericin on the raw silk what is left is the silk fibroin fiber. Silk fibroin is the main part of silk accounting for about 75% of the total weight. Silk fibroin contains 18 natural amino acids such as glycine Gly alanine Ala serine Ser serine aspartic acid Asp and tyrosine Tyr . The secondary structure of silk fibroin has three main conformations α-helix β-fold and random coil. Under certain conditions the three conformations can transform into each other and change the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin material. Silk fibroin extracted from silk fiber is a natural polymer with biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be further processed into different forms of materials nanoparticles films hydrogels sponges etc. It has been applied in many fields such as biomedicine and cosmetics. In order to meet the needs of different fields researchers have conducted further chemical modification treatment based on the original excellent properties of silk fibroin. Meanwhile the active groups on various amino acid residues in silk fibroin also provide chemical reaction sites for the chemical modification of silk fibroin. The chemical modification methods of silk fibroin mainly include amino acid residue modification macromolecular grafting modification and crosslinking reaction modification. Among them amino acid residue modification can modify protein amino acid residues by chemical reagents and some groups can be introduced into the side chains of silk fibroin macromolecules. Grafting modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is one of the main means to bind functional compounds to silk fibroin macromolecular chains. The properties of grafted silk fibroin are affected by the type and grafting rate of the grafts. The chemical crosslinking reaction modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is to make the macromolecular chains connected by covalent bonds and form a network structure by means of crosslinking agents enzymes or ultraviolet irradiation. The cross-linking reaction can not only form covalent bonds within and between the molecular chains of silk fibroin thus changing its structural properties and improving its stability but be used to form covalent bonds with other polymers. At present the chemical modification of silk fibroin is mainly applied in the fields of silk textiles biomedicine and environmental science. In the field of silk textiles graft copolymerization modification of vinyl and other monomers crosslinking agent modification and other methods are used to overcome the shortcomings of silk like being easy to wrinkle. The graft modified monomers mainly include ethylene methacrylate and methylacrylamide. The active groups on crosslinking agents such as polycarboxylic acid / anhydride and epoxide are covalently combined with carboxyl hydroxyl and amino groups on macromolecules of silk fibroin to improve the wrinkle resistance of silk fabrics. In the field of biomedicine silk fibroin materials with appropriate chemical modification have better biological activity drug delivery ability antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties. The optimization of these properties enables silk fibroin materials to show great potential in drug control delivery tissue regeneration and wound repair. The applied research in the field of environmental science mainly focuses on the adsorption separation and catalysis of impurities in water. Therefore the modification of amino acid residues grafting and cross-linking of protein macromolecules can change some important properties of silk fibroin and meet the requirements of various applications and functionalization of silk fibroin. In many fields of chemical modification and application of silk fibroin protein fruitful results have been achieved which has laid a good foundation for the further development of related fields and also shows that the chemical modification of silk fibroin material has great potential and application prospects. However there are still some problems that need to be overcome and further improved in the current chemical modification methods such as mild modification conditions and accurate adjustment of the degree of modification which will be the research direction of related fields in the future. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Factors affecting detection of a bimodal sour-savory mixture and inter-individual umami taste perception

While basic taste interactions have been the subject of many research studies, there is one combination where data is limited in the literature: sour and umami. This combination is universal in culinary preparations and of key interest to the food industry. Therefore, the primary goal of the present study is to assess how increasing concentrations of acidity (citric acid) affect, if at all, the intensity of a constant concentration of umami (monosodium glutamate, MSG). The secondary goal is to investigate other possible factors in umami taste perception. Here, a crowdsourced cohort of 734 individuals (age range 8–81) tasted and rated the intensity of 50 mM MSG alone, and in combination with citric acid at varying concentrations (1.25 mM, 6.25 mM, 31.25 mM). Participants were also genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs34160967 in the TAS1R1 gene. The results show a significant decrease in the intensity perception of umami as sour concentration increases (low: p = 0.005, medium: p < 0.001, high: p < 0.001). Situational factors such as participant hunger level and time since last eating also have a significant effect on umami intensity perception. Neither the biological factors of sex, age, and ancestry appear to play a role in umami perception, nor does variation in gene TAS1R1 at rs34160967. These new data contribute to the growing field of taste and sensory interaction by giving evidence that sour suppresses umami taste perception in bi-model samples.     

微波处理对纤维素产糖能力的影响

采用纤维素为原料,以离子液体为溶剂,在微波辐射下进行纤维素的预处理。预处理完成后进行再生纤维素的酶解产糖,并采用DNS分光光度计法进行还原糖产率的测定,进而分析微波功率与时间对再生纤维素还原糖产率的影响。还原糖转化率最佳值(96.21%)出现在微波功率为230W处理5min时;稻杆产糖量随着微波时间的延长而呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在较强的功率539W条件下,延长作用时间则会引起还原糖转化率的上升,但继续延长时间,溶剂完全喷溅,难以继续进行处理。     

高分子材料学辅助有机化学教学——培养与增进学生学习的浓厚兴趣

摘有机化学是面向工科专业开设的一门基础课程,因授课教师的知识背景不同,所以在教学过程中应因地适宜考虑教学方案,提高教学质量。文章根据作者在有机化学授课上的教学实践与经验,浅议高分子材料学在有机化学教学中提高学生兴趣与课堂效率的作用。     

广西高分子科学发展刍议

文章详细分析了广西高分子资源状况,结合资源特点,对广西高分子科学的发展提出了个人看法,指出结合资源优势,走产学研结合道路,建设特色优势学科、培养特色高分子人才是广西高分子发展的未来主要方向。     

地方高校海洋科学特色专业建设与探索

地方高校海洋科学特色专业应以海洋区域经济发展为背景,明确海洋科学专业建设目标,围绕专业特色进行课程体系、实践教学体系和课程教学的改革与探索。在特色专业建设的过程中需要着重解决好专业课程设置与培养规格的关系、教学与科研结合、教材建设和教学方式等方面的问题。     

环境科学专业实验教学思考

对环境科学专业实验教学的内容和方法、实验规范、实验无害化等提出了一些具体的建议;阐述了教师教学要保持知识的完整性、系统性,这对培养学生创造性思维非常重要;同时实验教学还应加强其实用性,学生学到的专业知识要能够在生活中得以应用,并要加强高等院校学生环境保护意识的培养。     

公安技术人才培养刍议

在法治文明社会建设的进程中,在科技强警大发展的环境下,对公安技术人才的需求越来越多。如何培养适应社会需求的公安技术人才,是公安教育工作始终面临的研究课题。通过对国内外法庭科学人才培养目标,课程设计,教学设计,评价体系和师资建设等几个方面多角度的比较,提出公安技术人才培养的"宽专平衡,量力而行"的具体设想,避免盲目扩大和重复建设造成资源浪费。     

产学研相结合的材料工程研究生培养模式探索与实践

产学研联合培养是目前解决高校研究生培养资源瓶颈的有效方法和必由之路。然而,目前材料工程专业学位研究生培养模式在培养面向工程应用型人才的观念、课程设置、师资队伍、实践教学等方面还有待完善。本文针对以上方面进行了探讨。初步实验表明,从产学研结合的材料工程专业学位研究生培养模式是能够有效地服务于研究生的素质教育,有利于高质量人才培养。     

开放式创新实践教学体系构建

紧抓地方高校转型发展新机遇,构建开放式创新实践教学体系。本文以许昌学院食品科学与工程专业为例,遵循人才培养规律和专业教育规律,以能力递进式培养方式,构建"课程实验和课程设计、生产实践、创新和创业训练"三层次的实践教学体系,实现"专业基础能力—专业应用技能—专业技术创新"的培养目标。